Hand-piece for dental or surgical engines



(No ModeL) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1. W. G. A. BONWILL. HAND PIECE PGR DENTAL 0R SURGICAL ENGINES. No. 449,401.

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(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

' W. G. A. BONWILL.

HAND PIECE EOR DENTAL OR SURGICAL ENGINES.

No. 449,401. Patented Mar. 31, 1891.l y

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UNITED STATES PATENT (Ernten.

IVILLIAM G. A. BONVVILL, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

HAND-PIECE FIOR DENTAL OR SURGICAL ENGINES.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 449,401, dated March 31, 1891.

Application filed September 13, 1890. Serial No. 364,834, (No model.)

To a/Z whom t may concern.-

Be it known that LWILLIAM G. A. BONWILL, of the city and county of Philadelphia, and State of Pennsylvania, have invented an Improvement in Hand-Pieces for Dental and Surgical Engines, of which the following is a specification.

My invent-ion has reference to hand-pieces l for dental and surgical engines and it consists ity inthe human tooth, the use of which tooll greatly lessens the time required for the operation of filling the tooth over What has heretofore been required when employing handoperated mallets. A mallet of the description hereinafter set out enables the metal filling to be more compact and more closely packed against the walls of the cavity, offering more resistance to the Wear and tear incidental to mastication.

My invention difers from all previous instruments designed forsimilar purposes, in that it makes use of the shaft of the handpiece carrying the drill or burr and its driven pulley for rotating said shaft for imparting reciprocating motion to the hammer or mallet point, whereby the weight of the mandrel or shaft and the chuck is utilized as a factor which gives from its length and the speed imparted through the driving-pulley great impact over that which would be accomplished by the employment of a shorter mandrel ,without weight, as has heretofore been employed in a separate instrument at the point of the hand-piece.

My improvements combine a handpiece for drilling or sawing with a mechanical hammer or mallet, whereby either drilling, sawing, or hammering can be carried on with the same instrument without loss of time and by sim.

ply shifting certain portions of the tool. The motion of the operating part of the handpiece may be rotary or reciprocating, as desired, and both be as equally eective as if such motions were accomplished by two en-` tirely distinct instruments.

In carrying out my invention I provide a hand-piece with a rotating spindle or shaft having at one end a deeply-grooved pulley, around Which the band from the dental engine passes, and at the other end I provide a suitable chuck for holding the drill piece or tool. The bearing for the shaft is carried by the hand-piece and is made adjustable, so as to allow of or prevent end-play to the shaft or spindle, as desired. IVhen used for drilling, all end-play of the shaft is preferably prevented. When the hand-piece is employed as a dental mallet or hammer, the adjustment is made for end-play, and the shaft or spindle is caused to reciprocate by a projection carried therewith passing under an obstruction ad j ustably secured in operative position upon the hand-piece. The end of the hand-piece is fitted with a socket-piece carrying the mallet t00l-piece,which tool is free to reciprocate but not rotate. The chuck of the handpiece is fitted with a tool which While it rotates is caused to reciprocate with the shaft or spindle and strike the plugging-tool. The plugging-tool moves or rotates with the handpiece and its sheath independent of the rotations of the shaft or spindle of the said handpiece. If desired, the mallet or hammer may be arranged upon the opposite end of the hand-piece, so that the hand-piece is inverted 'haln it is desired to use the mallet for the Referring to the drawings, which show my improvements on an enlarged scale, Figure l is a sectional elevation of a hand-piece for a dental or surgical engineA embodying my invention. Fig. 2 is a cross-section ofsame on line c: x. Fig. 3 is a cross-section of same on line y y. Fig. 4 is a cross-section of same on, line ,e c. Fig. `5 is a front elevation of a por tion of the hand-piece at the line ce, showing the adj listing-slot. Fig. 6 is a perspective view of the striking parts for imparting the longitudinal reciprocations. Fig. 7 is an elevation of the lower end of the socket and mallet or hammer with the plugging-tool removed. Fig. 8 is a cross-section of Fig. l on line w w. Fig. 9 is a cross-section of Fig. l on line@ i'. Fig. l0 is a front elevation of the pluggingtool with straight point. Fig. ll is an eleva` ICO tion of a modified form of my invention with the lower part of the hand-piece broken away. Fig. 12 is a side elevation of a modified form of bracket shown in Fig. 1. Fig.13 is a cross'- section of Fig. 1 on line s s. Fig. 1.4 is an elevation of a modified form of my improvement adapted to a plugging-tool having a curved point. Fig. 15 is a sectional elevation showing how the plu ggin g-tool of Fig. 14 is attached to the hammer-piece; and Fig. 16 is an elevation, with part in section, of another modification of my invention.

A is the shaft and carries at the bottom the chuck H, which may be of any suitable construction, that shown in my application, Serial No. 350,856, filed May 7, 1S90,being excellently adapted for the purpose. The upper end of this shaft forms a journal A, and to the extreme upper end is secured a deeply-grooved band-pulley E. The bearing for the journal A consists of the two parts B and B, the upper of which is loosely secured to the sleeve C by means of a screw b on said sleeve projecting into an annular groove b on the part B', permitting rotation, but not longitudinal movement. This part B is also provided with the socket-piece B2 for connection with the flexible arm of the dental or surgical engine, which is also clearly set out in my application above referred to.

The shaft A is provided withafixed conical collar a, which works against the lower end of the bearing B. By moving the bearing B to or from the collar a on the shaftA the length of this journal-bearing may be varied so that the lower end of the partB might restagainst the collar a, while the upper end of the part B rests a short distance from the under portion of the grooved pulley E, giving more or less end-play to the shaft A. lVhen adjusted as last described the shaft A can have end-play in the journal-bearing and may be rotated freely therein.

The part B', while free to rotate upon and within the sleeve C, is not adjustablelengthwise thereon but the part B, while not adapted to rotate freely upon the sleeve C, may ybe adjusted vertically or longitudinally with or without a transverse motion thereon by means of a screw D, working through an oblique slot c, Figs. 4 and 5, inthe sleeve C, which normally is covered by a washer d, arranged under the head of the adj listing-screw D. By loosening the screw D the part B may be adjusted longitudinally within the said sleeve C and be again secured. The Obliquity of the slotc is intended to more readily facilitate accurate and small adjustments. By this means the length of the journal-bearing may be increased or decreased and the amount of end-play of the shaft controlled to a nicety. It desired, all end-play to the shaft A may be prevented by moving part B down against collar a.

G is the chuck-adjusting rod, which extends through the shaft A and is screw-threaded upon its upper end and provided with awheel g, so that it can be adjusted longitudinally within the shaftAfor operating the chuck H to clamp the drilling-tool or the hammerpiece I, (shown in Fig. 1,) which latter piece is provided with a loose heavily-milled head 1l to control with the index-finger the reciprocating shaft A. This head does not vrotate with the shaft and hammer-piece I.

The upper face of the wheel E is provided with an angular steel piece e, which works under the rounded arm of bracket F, Fig. 6, or on a revolving ring, Fig. 12, which bracket is adjustably secured to the sleeve C by a clamping-screw F and the guide-pins and slots f. The bracket may be adj usted longi-v tudinally apon the sleeve C, and thereby adjusts the amount of reciprocaton possible to the rotating shaft A. The adjustmentof the bracket F might be the sole means for controlling the amount of reciprocation of the shaft A, or the adj usting-screw D might be employed as the sole means, or both of these methods of adjustment may be employed together, as is the case with the construction shown. The friction and wear of parte striking the bracket F may be greatly overcome by placing a loose sleeve or roller on the end of the arm of the bracket, as at F2 in Fig. l2. The adjustment of the bracket F, when employed with the adjustment of the screw D, would have the advantage of compensating for the wear which might take place upon F. By makingthe projection e angular, as shown in Fig. 6, we have an extended line of contact, which obviates in a great measure rapid wear and also overcomes sudden shocks from contact.

Fitting over the lower end of the handpiece is a socket J, which is provided with a smaller socket portion J receiving the plugger-tool K. This tool K is provided with a beveled slot 7c, into which lits a spring-catch L, carried upon the socket-piece J By this means the smaller tool K is easily inserted and prevented from dropping out ot' the handpiece, and at the same time is held in a given position with the spring action. The catch L prevents rotation of the tool in the socketpiece, but by the action of the spring-catch the tool is allowed to move forward when struck by the hammer I and recoils automatically. The socket-piece J is secured to the end of the hand-piece by means of a screw m, workin g in a slot M in the socket-piece, the lower end of which slot is made slightly oblique for more accurate adjustment. The middle portion of the socket-piece J is cut away, as at N, to form finger-openin gs, through which the finger may act to press upon the reciprocating head or part t' to control the action of the hammer I on the plugger-tool The upper part of the tool K comes close to the head t of the hammer-tool I, so that when the shaft is reciprocated longitudinally said part t' strikes the tool K, forcing it forward.

The instrument is thrown into action by IOO IIO

first starting the shaft A to revolve while the index-finger is pressing on the head z' of the hammer-tool I. By pressing the head backward the projection e of the wheel E is brought into conjunction with the bracket F at each revolution of the shaft A. causing the said shaft to be suddenly projected forward, driving the hammer-tool I against the plugging-tool K. The plugging-tool is allowed to be moved forward about one-sixteenth of an inch by the action of the spring L, and is then automatically returned into position to receive another blow. To prevent a blow, the index-finger pushes the hammer t' forward, drawing the shaftA andthe projection e away from the bracket F.

In the use of the back-action plugger the reverse of the above action of the index-finger is necessary. The projection e is arranged close to the shaft A 011 the wheel E. Consequently the forward or longitudinal thrust is in a position which is not apt to bind upon the journal-bearing and also prevents a jar or quivering beingfelt at the point of the tool K. In the location shown in Fig. 1 it is as effectual as if placed on the periphery of the pulley.

The construction set out in this tool is one in which we have a long hammer or mallet rapidly striking a short plugging-tool and enables the most positive and desirable results to be obtained. It also places at the disposal ofthe operator the possibility of very quickly changing his iool from a dental mallet or hammer into a drill or saw.

In place of attaching the socket-piece J to the lower end of the haud-piece,it may be attached to an extension of the bracket F, as shown in Fig. 1l. In this case the projection e on the wheel E would be placed upon the under side thereof and would be caused to strike a projecting screw F2 or other devices arranged in its path.

In place of the hammer-tool I being carried in the chuck of the hand-piece, it would be supported in the extension of the bracket, as shown in dotted lines, and be struck by the spindle G and its head g, as shown. Besides, the projection e would without the attachment shown in Fig. ll give to the reciprocating shaft Aa backward movement and cause the plugging-tool, with a curved point,to strike a blow on the back of the tooth to be filled. This is clearly shown by Figs. 14: and 15. In the tool shown in these gures the screw E2 of Fig. ll is employed in conjunction with the construction shown in Fig. l. The hammertool I in this case is formed with an annular groove I. and receives a pluggingtool K, formed with a curved end and a socket for the tool I, with which it is firmly connected by a screw K', tting into the annular groove. The tool I may rotate and reciprocate, as before, and the plugging-tool K be held by the indextinger against rotation, but not reciprocation. It is evident that this construction could be quickly changed to a forward or backward of the projection e on the rearof the shaft orV spindle coming in contact with the bracket, as in the other cases set out, to get either a forward or a backward blow.

I do not limit myself to the mere details of construction, as it is evident that they may be modified in various ways without in the least departing from the spirit of my invention; nor do I limit myself to a special device for holdin g the tool that strikes the plugging-tool.

Having now described my invention,I what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent. is-

1. In a hand-piece for a dental or surgical engine, the combination of a chuck or holder for holding a drilling-tool having a long shaft or spindle, a socket-piece for holding a plugging or other tool made detachable on the hand-piece, and power mechanism for simultaneously reciprocating and rotating the .separate from the hand-piece arranged to lit over the chuck end of the hand-piece and adapted to bold a plugging-tool in line with the spindle or shaft.

3. In a hand-piece for a dental or surgical engine, a sleeve supporting a bearing longitudinally adjustable in the sleeve7 in combination with a rotating shaft or spindle journaled in said bearing, a power-applying wheel secured to the shaft at one end, a chuck or tool-holder secured to the shaft at the other end, a projection rotating with the shaft or spindle, and an arm in the path of the projection secured to the sleeve, whereby the rotation of the shaft or spindle causes a longitudinal reciprocation of the said shaft or spindle.

4. In a hand-piece for a dental or surgical engine, a sleeve supporting a bearing longitudinally adjustable in the sleeve, in combination with a rotating shaft or spindle journaled in said bearing, a power-applying wheel Secured to the shaft at one end, a chuck or IIO tool-holder secured to the shaft at the other end, a projection rotating with the shaft or spindle, an arm in the path of the projection secured to the sleeve, whereby the rotation of the shaft or spindle causes a longitudinal reciprocation of the said shaft or spindle, a socket-piece adapted to be secured upon the end of the sleeve and formed to hold a plugging-tool, and an intermediate piece carried by the chuck adapted to strike the end of the plugging-tool during the reciprocation of the shafj/ or spindle.

In a hand-piece for a dental or surgical engine, a sleeve supporting a bearing longitudinally adjustable in the sleeve, in combination with the clamping and adjusting screw working through an oblique slot in the sleeve for adjusting the bearing longitudinally within the sleeve, a rotating shaft or spindle journaled in said bearing,a powerapplying wheel secured to one end of the shaft, a chuck or tool-holder secured to the other end, a projection rotating with the shaft or spindle, and an arm in the path of the projection secured to the sleeve, whereby the rotation of the shaft or spindle causes a longitudinal reciprocation of the said shaft or spindle.

6. In a hand-piece for ak dental or surgical engine, the combination of a sleeve, a bearing contained within said sleeve, a long rotating and reciprocating shaft or spindle journaled in said bearing and having one end extending beyond the sleeve for receiving the power-applying devices and also being provided with a projection, a chuck or holder carried by the lower end of the shaft or spindle, and an obstruction inthe path of the projection on the shaft or spindle secured to the sleeve, whereby the rotation of the shaft or spindle causes the projection to strike the obstruction and reciprocate the said shaft or spindle during its rotation. j

7. In a hand-piece for a dental or surgica engine, thecombination of a sleeve, a bearing contained within said sleeve longitudinally adjustable in the sleeve, a rotating and reciprocating shaft or spindle journaled in said bearing and provided with a collar working against the lower end of said bearing, a grooved power-applying pulley secu red to the upper end of said shaft or spindle and above the upper end of the bearing, a chuck or holder carried by the lower end of the shaft or spindle, a projection carried by the grooved pulley on the shaft or spindle, and an arm in the path of the projection and secured to the s1eeve,whereby the rotation of the shaft causes the projection to strike the arm and reciprocate the said shaft during its rotation.

8. In a hand-piece for a dental or surgical engine, the combination of a long sleeve provided at one end with a bearing, a long rotating and reciprocating shaft journaled in said bearing, a chuck or tool-holder secured to the lower end of the shaft, a power-wheely secured to the upper end of the shaft,la proengine, the combination of a long sleeve provided at one end with a bearing, a long rotating and reciprocating shaft journaled in said bearing, a clutch or tool-holder secured to the lower endl of the shaft, a power-wheel secured to the upper end of the shaft, a projection carried with the rotating shaft, an obstruction in the path of said projection during'its' rotation to cause the shaft to be reciprocated, a plugging-tool carried upon the end of the sleeve below the chuck, whereby a tool held in the chuck is caused to strike the end of the plugging-tool, means to control longitudinal reciprocation of the shaft and hold its projection away from the obstruction or arm during the rotation of the said shaft, and a detachable connection between the pluggingtool and the end of the sleeve.

10; In a hand-piece fora dental or surgical engine,the combination of a rotating and reci procating shaft provided with a projection, an obstruction in the path of said projection which is struck thereby to impart the reciprocation to said shaft, a chuck or tool-holder carried by said shaft, a plugging-tool holder arranged in line with the rotating and reciprocating shaft, whereby the reciprocations of said rotating shaft are employed to impart a reciprocation to the hammer or mallet tool.

ll. In a hand-piece for a dental or surgical engine, the combination of a rotating shaft provided with projecting portions on one end and a chuck or holder upon the other end for holding a hammer-tool, with adjustable connections in the path of the projections of the rotating shaft, whereby the said shaft may be forcibly projected forward or backward, as desired, a socket-piece adapted to be fitted to the hand-piece, and a plugging-tool carried bv the socket-piece and held thereby against the rotation and adapted to be operated by the hammer-tool during its reciprocations.

12. In a hand-piece fora dental or surgical engine, the combination of a rotating and reciprocating shaft having a chuck or holder upon its end, a socket-piece for carrying a plugging-tool tted to the end of the handpiece and provided with one or more apertures in its side, a plugging-tool carried by said socket-piece, a hammer-tool carried by the chuck or holder and adapted to strike the plugging-tool, and a head loosely supported upon the hammer-tool and arranged within the openings in the socket-piece, whereby the finger may be pressed upon said head to control the action of the hammer-tool during its reciprocations.

13. In a hand-piece fora dental or surgical engine, a sleeve supporting a bearing longi- IOO IIO

tudiually adjustable on the sleeve, in combination With a rotating shaft or spindle journaled in said bearing, a power-applying device secured to the shaft at one end, a chuck or tool-holder secured to the shaft at the other end, a projection rotating With the shaft or spindle, an arm in the path of the projection secured to the sleeve, whereby the rotation of the shaft or spindle causes a longitudinal [o reciprocation of the said shaft or spindle, and

a roller or sleeve loosely supported upon the arm and adapted to be struck by the proj ection of the shaft or spindle, whereby a more steady action and less wear result.

In testimony of which invention I have here- 15 unto set my hand.

WM. G. A. BONWILL. Witnesses:

W. O. AIKMAN, A. F. BOUTON. 

